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John Humphrey Noyes

American utopian community founder (1811–1886)

John Humphrey Noyes (September 3, 1811 – April 13, 1886) was an American preacher, radical religious philosopher, and utopian socialist. He founded the Putney, Oneida and Wallingford Communities, and is credited with coining the term "complex marriage".

Biography

Early years

Noyes was born September 3, 1811, in Brattleboro, Vermont to John Noyes, who worked variously as a minister,^[1] teacher, businessman, and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Polly Noyes (née Hayes), aunt to Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States.^[2]

In 1831, when he was 20, Noyes was influenced by the preaching of Charles Grandison Finney, a leader in the Second Great Awakening. Noyes underwent a religious conversion.^[3]^[4] "My heart was fixed on the millennium, and I resolved to live or die for it," Noyes later recalled.^[4] He graduated from Dartmouth College shortly thereafter and dropped plans to study law, instead enrolling at A

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Noyes, John Humphrey (1811-1886)

NOYES, JOHN HUMPHREY (1811–1886), American religious reformer and founder of the Oneida Community. Born to a prominent family in Brattleboro, Vermont, John Humphrey Noyes graduated from Dartmouth College and attended Andover and Yale theological seminaries, studying under Nathaniel W. Taylor. Because of his unorthodox "perfectionist" beliefs, Noyes soon lost his ministerial license and became the focus of opprobrium and ridicule. He argued that Christ's second coming and the end of the Jewish dispensation had occurred in 70 ce, when the Temple was destroyed in Jerusalem. Henceforth, "perfect holiness," a right attitude that would lead to right works, was literally possible on earth as part of the establishment of the kingdom of God.

These beliefs, which Noyes attempted to propagate throughout New York State and New England, attracted little support. In 1836 Noyes returned to his family estate in Putney, Vermont, and started a Bible school, which became the Putney Community. By 1845 the group had moved toward full communal ownership of p

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A Yankee Saint: John Humphrey Noyes And The Oneida Community is a biography written by Robert Allerton Parker. The book tells the story of John Humphrey Noyes, the founder of the Oneida Community, a religious commune that existed in upstate New York in the mid-19th century. Noyes was a controversial figure who believed in communal living, complex marriage, and a form of Christianity that emphasized perfectionism and the elimination of sin. The Oneida Community was known for its innovative practices, including the development of a successful silverware manufacturing business, and for its scandalous reputation, due to its unconventional sexual practices. The book explores Noyes' life and ideas, as well as the history of the Oneida Community, and provides a detailed account of the group's rise and eventual decline. The author draws on a wide range of sources, including Noyes' own writings, letters, and diaries, as well as contemporary accounts and historical documents. A Yankee Saint offers a fascinating glimpse into the life of a visionary leader and the community he founded, and sh