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James hillier microscope

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Biography

Dr. Hillier, the son of British immigrants, was one of Canada’s greatest scientists and inventors. He earned three degrees at the University of Toronto, a B.A. in mathematics and physics, and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in physics. Later the University of Toronto awarded him an honorary D.Sc. He wrote over 150 papers on technical subjects and research management. He held 41 patents for his inventions and was awarded many honours and awards for his work.Dr. Hillier was recognized as an early pioneer in electron microscopy, having built the first successful instrument in North America. He designed the first mass-produced instrument and invented many techniques that extended the application of the electron microscope to a broad spectrum of sciences. The electron microscope has revolutionized science by increasing useful magnification to over 400,000 times from the earlier limit of 1,000 times, thus revealing all natural structures down to atoms. Dr. Hillier also invented electron microprobe analysis which added chemical analyses to electron microscope images.

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James Hillier

James Hillier was born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada on August 22, 1915. He was interested in art as a youngster, and he first believed that he would pursue a career as an artist. But his natural talent for math and physics won him a scholarship to the University of Toronto, where he and fellow student Albert Prebus would later build the world's first practical electron microscope.

Hillier received his BA in Mathematics and Physics in 1937 and stayed on to pursue graduate studies at the University of Toronto. He and Prebus were students when, in 1937, they assembled a model of a microscope that could magnify up to 7,000 times the size of an object – much greater than the 2,000 times magnification produced by optical microscopes used at that time. This machine passed a beam of electrons, rather than a beam of light, through a specimen. The beam would then be focused on a photographic plate. A theory that was developed 15 years earlier by a German physicist had suggested that an electron microscope could have a resolving power much better than a light microscope,

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James Hillier

Canadian-American scientist and inventor (1915–2007)

For the British actor, see James Hillier (actor).

James Hillier, OC (August 22, 1915 – January 15, 2007) was a Canadian-American scientist and inventor who designed and built, with Albert Prebus, the first successful high-resolution electron microscope in North America in 1938.^[1]

Biography

Born in Brantford, Ontario, the son of James and Ethel (Cooke) Hillier, he received a Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics (1937), Master of Arts (1938), and a Ph.D (1941) from the University of Toronto, where, as a graduate student, he completed a prototype of the electron microscope that had been invented by Ernst Ruska. This transmission electron microscope was used as a prototype for later electron microscopes.

In 1941, he went to the United States of America and joined the Radio Corporation of America in Camden, New Jersey. He became General Manager, RCA Laboratories (1957); Vice President, RCA Laboratories (1958); Vice President, Research and Engineering (1968); Executive Vice Pres